Forest Fire Prevention Measures

Efforts to deal with forest fires are of two kinds, namely the handling of repressive and preventive treatment. The handling of forest fires that are repressive is the effort made by various parties to address the forest fire after a forest fire occurred. The handling of this type, for example, is cut, the judicial process for those who allegedly associated with forest fires ( Intentional ), and others.

Meanwhile, the preventive treatment is any business, the actions or activities undertaken in order to avoid or reduce the likelihood of forest fires. So

this preventive treatment exists and implemented before the fire occurred. During this, the government's handling of the case of forest fires, either intentionally or unintentionally, more dominated by its repressive handling. Based on existing data, the handling of the repressive nature is not effective in dealing with forest fires in Indonesia.

This is evident from the forest fire that occurred on a continuous basis. For example: in July 1997 in case of forest fires. Efforts outage was executed, but because of many obstacles, handling becomes slow and the effects that arise (such as smog) is up to Singapore and Malaysia. A number of the accused as the offender has been processed, although the penalty imposed does not make them wary. Ineffective treatment is also seen from the continued occurrence of forest fires in Indonesia, even in the year 2008.

Therefore, various inefficiencies need to be reviewed so that it can produce forest fire control efforts are effective.

Preventive Efforts Forest Fire Prevention
According to Law No. 45 of 2004, forest fire prevention should be integrated from the central, provincial, regional, forest management unit to unit. There is a common form of prevention carried out in several levels, that is responsible at every level must seek the establishment of the functions of the following:

1. Mapping: mapping vulnerability of forests in their territory each. This function can be done in various ways, but commonly used are the following 3 ways :

• mapping of vulnerable areas are made based on the results if the data from the past
• and the predicted results
• mapping of vulnerable areas are made in line with the village survey (Participatory Rural Appraisal)
•  mapping of vulnerable areas by using the Global Positioning System or satellite imagery

2. Information: the provision of forest fire information system.
This can be done by making an early detection system (early warning system) at every level. Early detection can be implemented by two ways :

• analysis of ecological conditions, social, and economy of a region
• data processing results of surveillance officers

3. Socialization: the provision of counseling, coaching and training to the community. Guidance is intended to inform the public in every region of the hazards and impacts, as well as the role of human activity
often triggers and causes of forest fires. Counseling can also inform the community about which areas are prone to fires and prevention efforts. Coaching is an activity that invites the public to be able to minimize the intensity of forest fires. Meanwhile, the training aims to prepare people, particularly those living near areas prone to wildfires, to perform the initial action in response to forest fires.

4. Standardization: the manufacture and use of SOPs (Standard Operating Procedure)
To facilitate the achievement of program implementation and effectiveness of forest fire prevention in the handling of forest fires, the standards required standard in many of the following :

a. Method of reporting
To ensure consistency and sustainability of the incoming data, especially data related to forest fires, must be implemented reporting system that is simple and easy to understand society. When incoming data is smooth, precise analysis is required so that it can be used as a basis for appropriate policy.

b. Equipment
Minimum standard of equipment that must be owned by each region should be implemented by the government, although this standard can be adjusted again in connection with the potential for forest fires, support facilities, and human resources available in the area.

c. Training Methods for Management of Forest Fires
Standardization is necessary to establish an efficient fire management officer, effective in preventing or dealing with fires. The existence of this standardization will facilitate the handling of fire officers to immediately take appropriate initiatives and clear in case of forest fires

5. Supervision: monitoring and supervision to the parties directly related to the forest. Monitoring is an activity to detect the possibility of damaging the environment, while surveillance is the follow-up of the analytical results of monitoring. Thus, monitoring directly related to the provision of data, then control is the result of a response from the data. Monitoring, according to the ministry of the environment, divided into four, namely:

• Monitoring of exposure: direct monitoring by observing the object being observed. Examples: forest patrol
• Monitoring of closed (intelligence):
• Monitoring is done in a way known only to the investigation of certain apparatus.
• Passive Monitoring: Monitoring is performed based on documents, reports and information from secondary data, including monitoring reports closed.
• Monitoring of active
• Monitoring by examining the direct and collect data on the primary field. Examples: conduct a survey to areas prone to forest fires. Meanwhile, supervision can be viewed through two approaches, namely:
• Preventive: preventive control activities prior to the destruction of the environment (forest fires). For example: monitoring to determine the status of forest fires when it will happen
• repressive: surveillance activities that aim to overcome the destruction that is happening or has happened and their consequences after the occurrence of environmental damage.

To support the success of prevention efforts that have been mentioned above, it may take a variety of development support facilities which include :

1. Development and dissemination of results of mapping of areas prone to forest fires
Results of mapping as much as possible be made up as much detail as possible and distributed to various agencies so that it can be used as guidelines for institutions interested in the activities of each unit area or region.

2. Organizational development organizers Forest Fire Prevention
Forest Fire Prevention needs to be done in an integrated inter-sectoral, and regional levels. Public participation is the key of the success of these prevention efforts. Meanwhile, government officials, military and police, as well as the private sector needs to provide adequate facilities to enable the Forest Fire Prevention efficiently and effectively.

3. The development of communication systems
The communication system should be developed as optimal as possible so that the coordination between different levels (local to central) or between regions can run fast. This will support the smooth early warning system, data transfer, and dissemination policies yangberkaitan with forest fires.