Destruction of tropical forests that occur in various countries around the world is increasing from year to year and even in two or three decades to come is expected to experience the threat of extinction due to illegal logging (illegal logging), the transfer of land use, excessive forest exploitation, and others. So in the early 1990s environmental experts from around the world met in Rio de Jenero, Brazil which basically discussed the steps and strategies that must be done to preserve nature as well as efforts to reduce the rate of tropical forest destruction or rescue them.
In Indonesia, the rate of deforestation of 2.8 million hectares per year of total forest area is an area of 120 million hectares are spread all over Indonesia. Of the total forest area, about 57 to 60 million hectares are degraded and damaged so that Indonesia now has only forest in good condition roughly covering 50% of the total area available. These conditions, if not addressed with wise and immediate rescue efforts by governments and all citizens of Indonesia, within a period of two decades Indonesia will no longer have a forest (Mangrove Information Center, 2006).
Indonesia is one country that has the largest mangrove forest in the world reached 25% of the total area of mangrove forests around the world (18 million hectares) which is an area of 4.5 million hectares, or as much as 3.8% of the total forest area in Indonesia as a whole. At least extensive mangrove forests has led to the attention of the Government of Indonesia to the mangrove forest is very small too, compared to forest land. The condition of mangrove forests also suffered damage similar to other state forests in Indonesia (Mangrove Information Center, 2006).
Well logging and forest land in excess of mangrove forests not only result berkurangnnya watershed, abrasion, and natural disasters such as erosion and flooding, but also results in loss of central circulation and the formation of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) and O2 oxygen necessary for human survival .
Most people (especially the entrepreneurs who trade in timber forests, investors who develop their business by cutting down forests and replaced with other crops such as palm oil or substitute other denganusaha like ponds, and unscrupulous officials who issue permits for the felling of timber in the forest) close their eyes and the same did not feel guilt and sin against the natural disasters that have been, is and will be incurred in connection with the activities they perform. Poor awareness and awareness of the environment for the people should be raised, particularly in an era that is being intensively-incessant talk about global warming because the models are usually carried out environmental education was no longer able to sensitize these greedy men who tend mengkorbankan interests of many people personal and family interests. To believe that such person has contributed a lot to global warming is happening now is that they deserved a reward for his actions setimpat. Could brave and law enforcement officials in Indonesia to take firm action against the person for the sake of safety and continuity of nature and the interests and human survival in Indonesia and the world?
Facts destruction of mangrove forests can be seen particularly clearly in Bali. Clearing of mangrove forests on a large scale starting from village to village Pesanggaran Pemogan (the border between the city of Denpasar and Badung Regency) is performed before the 1990s made by investors who engaged in shrimp farming has resulted in extensive areas of mangrove forests reduced drastically in the region. In the early development of shrimp ponds are indeed beneficial and can improve the local economy masyarakt. However, after several years of operation, the ponds begin to experience losses resulting bankruptcies that lead to business closure pertambakkan.
Departure of the shrimp farm investors leave scars and wounds are deep and prolonged for the environment at the site until now. Mangrovepun tree can not grow anymore, especially in places hard feeding shrimp because the chemicals used for shrimp membersarkan instantly. While investors are already gone some where?
In response to these phenomena, the Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Forestry issued a number of policies (policy) is expected to save the natural wealth of tropical forests are scattered throughout the archipelago. One policy is about efforts to save the mangrove forest which then in 1992 formed Mangrove Information Centre (Mangrove Information Center).
Mangrove Information Center (MIC) is a joint project between the Government of Indonesia through the Project Development of Sustainable Mangrove Forest Management and the Government of Japan through the International Cooperation Agency Government of Japan through the Japan International Corporation Agency (JICA).
This cooperation project consists of several stages. The first phase began in 1992 and ended in 1997. At this stage, the Japanese government sent a team to identify what things are needed and performed. From the results of this identification, dibentukalan joint team between the Governments of Indonesia and Japan and further agreed to establish Sustainable Mangrove Forest Management Project. This project aims to identify and explore reforestation techniques that can be done for recovery (recovery) of mangrove forests that have been damaged. The technique was found is about how the nursery and planting mangrove seedlings. In addition, also published guidebooks mangrove planting. The results achieved at this stage is the determination of sustainable mangrove forest management model, the publication of several books such as guidebooks (guide book) nursery and planting mangrove seedlings, books relating to the mangroves, and mangrove reforestation or planting area of 253 hectares in the Parks Forest Kingdom (Tahura).
Mangrove reforestation efforts have been made by The Mangrove Information Center has a very important meaning for the people in the city of Denpasar and Badung regency due to the consumption of oxygen supply is readily available in this place and enhance the security of the tsunami disaster for communities adjacent to the mangrove forest . In addition, awareness and public awareness of the importance of mangrove forest conservation is increasing. This is evidenced by the growing number of schools (from primary school to college) and the tourism industry to participate voluntarily planting mangrove trees in some places like in the conservation area of The Mangrove Information Center and Island Attack mangrove tree seedlings provided by the The Mangrove Information Center party. Other business conducted by The Mangrove Information Center to raise awareness and public awareness about the importance of environmental conservation is to open a nature tourism activities (ecotourism) so people can see, enjoy and interact with the environment directly in the mangrove forest area.
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